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GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TRADE
Next, in alphabetical sequence you can found the used terms in the
international transport of merchandise and its process of
commercialization.
To Firm
Under this modality the value of the merchandise does not admit any
modification.
Temporary admission
Entrance to the national territory or the rest of the country of certain
originating merchandise of the foreigner or from zones of special customs
treatment, with a certain aim and to be import, to be re-exported or to be
given back to its place of origin within an established term.
Gauging
Action in that the merchandise are recognized, to verify its nature and
value, to establish its weight, counts or measured, to classify them in
the tariff nomenclature, determining the tariffs and taxes that are due to
apply.
Documentary Gauging
Document of export or import consists of reviewing with much exactitude
the state of them, that these do not have any correction.
Physical Gauging
It consists of reviewing as it is the real state of the merchandise,
verifying that this one is in perfect conditions without no type of
decomposition (if it is eatable merchandise), or that the load was in
perfect conditions.
Particular Warehouse
Enclosure of defined and perfectly individualized deposit in the
destination document, where the foreign merchandise remain under customs
power, without paying to the rights and taxes that they cause in his
import.
Warrants Warehouses
Particular warehouses in which merchandise are deposited and cancel a rate
of storage, with previous official authorization. The one in charge of the
warehouse grants to the owner of the merchandise a certificate-receipt.
Supplying
The
boarding of national or nationalized merchandise, of farm, destined to the
ships or airships, nationals or foreigners, who do not carry out
international transport.
Arbitrations
Change between foreign currencies, is made in national markets or outside
the country.
Under
Condition
The final value of the merchandise it is fulfillment of the conditions has
left subject that are agreed
between the exporter and the importer but.
Broker
Reinsurance or insurance agent. Agent or runner who represents the owner
or buyer of merchandise, whose functions are those to act like
intermediary between assigning and the reinsuring, being in charge in
exchange for a commission.
Cabotage
Transport by sea of merchandise national or nationalized or simple
navigation between two points of the coast of the country, although is by
outside their territorial waters, but without touching foreign port. Also
it exists air cabotage and trucking cabotage.
Letter
of Carry
Document equivalent to the bill of lading in the road and railway
transport.
Bill of
Lading
Deprived Scripture in which the captain and shipper recognize the fact of
the boarding of the merchandise and express the conditions the agree
suitable transport.
Consolidation
System by which one groups in a same container merchandise of a shipper
for several addresses or several shippers for several addresses.
Depot
container (CD)
It indicates the place designated by the carrier where the agent gives the
empty containers to the exporter so that these can be occupied by the
merchandise to shipment.
Container
Metallic structure or of another designed material to conserve
merchandise, to facilitate the transport and the protection of these.
Demurrage
It means that a delay in a port by some ship that is been prisoner greater
time to the one than it corresponds.
Custom
deposit
Place destined to the storage or guard of merchandise under power of the
Service, excluding the particular warehouses.
Ad-valorem
Tax
Tribute
that burdens the import of merchandise and that pays attention to
percentage on the customs value of them.
Custom
Tax
Tax
established in the Customs Tariff and/or the national legislation, to
which are subject the merchandise that enter the national territory or
which they leave it.
Specific Tax
Tribute
that the import of merchandise in a fixed amount of money by each unit of
measurement burdens previously established, that can be kilogram, litter,
dozen, meter, etc.
Customs
Clearance
Customs procedure under which the concerned merchandise are left to
disposition of their owner, by the Customs, after fulfilling all necessary
the customs formalities and the payment of rights.
Unloading
Inverse action of the rammer (to unload the ship in ordered and balanced
form).
Insurance Documents
Are denominated contracts Policies by means of which an insurer is
committed by means of the payment of a premium, to compensate to an
insured in the case that some wreck or damage to the assured thing takes
place, previous investigation and confirmation of the insurance at issue.
Transport Documents
They are the contracts of transport of merchandise emitted by the
transports companies, that credits that they have taken the load in a
certain place and they are committed to give it in the been suitable
point, to a certain person. (B/L - AWB - CRT - CP).
In
Consignment With Minimum To Firm
The value of the merchandise is carried out in this modality of Sale to
Firm, and the definitive value of the merchandise the fulfilment of the
other conditions has left subject that are agreed between the exporter and
his buyer upon the outside.
In Free
Consignment
The value of the merchandise is only referential, in as much as the
merchandise are sent to an agent or cosignatory abroad, so that this one
relates and comes to its sale according to the instructions given by the
exporter or in agreement to the agreed thing.
Loading
It is to put the load on the ship, so that it allows the balance and
determined order to avoid accidents or damages by bad mooring cables
(illegal lashing), imbalance, to properly protect the loads of the water
of sea, rains, pressures, etc.
Customs
burdens
Tax established in the Customs Tariff and/or national legislation, to as
are subject the merchandise that enter the national territory or which
they leave it.
Air Way
Bill
Document equivalent to the bill of lading, used in the air transport of
merchandise.
Courier
Way Bill
Document that gives to account of the contract between the sender and the
Company of Mail fast or Courier, that does the times of bill of lading, by
each shipment, having to in detail specify the content of each one of the
packs that it protects.
Incoterms
Uniform rules and uses relative to used documentary credits and receives
in the operations of foreign trade.
IVA
(Tax to the Added Value)
Tribute that, to the import of merchandise pays attention, calculates and
perceives in percentage on the customs value of them plus the rights of
Customs.
Release
Act by
which the Customs allows the interested ones to have the merchandises that
are object of their unload.
Liquidation
Operation by means of which, on the basis of the gauging, the arithmetic
calculations practice in order to determine the amount of the rights,
taxes, rates and burdens that affect merchandise and that correspond to
apply to the Service.
Cargo
Manifest
Document that contains the complete relation of the packs of any class of
the vehicle excluding the postal effects and of the effects of crew and
passengers, subscribed by the driver.
Sales
Modalities
These constitute some of the forms in which normally the exporter have
sharpened their contracts of transaction with the buyer, and define if the
price will be subject to some modification or will remain immutable.
Samples
without commercial value
Articles considered by the Customs like of minimum value and used to only
obtain orders of merchandise.
Packing
List
Document which details the merchandise that a bulk or a transport
contains. It is used, of preference, when assorted varied merchandise.
Country
of origin
Country
in which the merchandise have been extracted, harvested, bred, made or
armed total or partially from original products of the same, and/or of a
percentage or the total of
raw material
imported to him, under the conditions that in each opportunity are
suitable the contracting States in an Agreement the International.
Pallets
Platform that serves to prepare the merchandise with its respective
supports and railings to protect them.
Ports
Places
of the coast that through of terrestrial spaces, infrastructure and
facilities, and inlet areas, exit, dockage and permanence of ships, and by
their geographic location, its natural or artificial physical training
conditionses and of organization, services to the ships, loads, passengers
or crew member.
Enclosure’s Deposit Customs
Place qualified by the law or the National Service of Customs where the
merchandise under their power are deposited. The enclosures qualified like
Particular Warehouse are excluded from this definition.
Recognition
Operation by means of which the dispatcher with mandate to dispatch or the
interested one, reviews or inspects the merchandise in the enclosures of
customs deposit before putting under them a customs destination.
Repacking
Consisting of operation the modification of the internal and/or external
preparation of the merchandise in order to correct flaws of its packages,
to facilitate its transport and storage.
Retirement
Act by which the Customs allows the interested ones to have the
merchandises that are object of their unload.
Seal
Piece of metal or another matter that serves to both unite extreme of a
seal in conditions such that offer total security.
Customs seals
Marks or symbols of security that puts customs for the application of
certain customs regimes with the purpose of coming up or to allow the
establishment of any damage to the integrity of the merchandise.
Type Of Change
The value in national currency that gives to the dollar of the EE.UU of
America. The Official Newspaper publishes every working day under the
title of “Observed Dollar” the type of change. For effects to pay to the
rights of customs and other burdens.
Titles Of Credit
They are Documents that indicate that the merchandise is on board. They
are Documents that can be endorsed.
Transhipment
Direct or indirect transfer of merchandise, a vehicle to another one, or
at the same in another trip, even its unloading to earth with its same aim
to continue to its destiny, and although passes certain term between its
arrival and its exit.
Transit
Passage of foreign merchandise through country when this form leaves from
a total passage beginning abroad and that must be finished outside its
borders.
International Transport
The traffic of ships or airships, nationals or foreigners, of load or
passengers towards or from the outside, authorized by the Direction of
Civil Aeronautics or the Main Directorate of the Marine Territory and
Merchant Marine according to it corresponds.
Internal Transport
Transport of embarked people or merchandise loaded in a place located
within the national territory to be disembarked or to be unloaded in a
place located inside of the national territory. Any person who by means of
a contract commits himself to transfer the merchandise from a place to
another one according to the decided thing.
Charge
Unit
Part of
the transport equipment that is adapted to unify merchandises that must
be transported and that allow their complete movement during the route and
in all used means of transport. They are considered like units of load to
the grouped bulks.
Unitarian
This concept comes from the expression container, this expression gave
birth to the multimodal transport, “Short Sea” (ocean transportation in
short distances); to the Roll on Roll off in where the bulk is transferred
actually by its own means.
Unify
It consists of ordering or grouping in single a great package different
units, with the intention of making the transport easier and efficient of
merchandise and, at the same time that these are is proteged.
Zone Of Free
Commerce
Customs regime that allows to receive merchandises in a determined space,
without the payment of taxes to the import to consider itself that they
are not in this territory.
Extension Zone of Free Commerce
City or region located adjacent to the Free Zone delimited by the
President of the Republic in use of his faculties.
Primary
Zone
Space
of sea or earth in which the material operations take place, of the
mobilization of the merchandises; for the effects of its jurisdiction of
the custom enclosure and there have to be load , to unload or to be
received the merchandise, to constitute, with the other requirements and
established formalities, a legal act of import, export, transit, transfer,
cabotage or any other customs operation
Secondary Zone
Part of the national territory, fixed by the Director, who corresponds to
each Customs for the effects to exert his competition.
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